Here are some infectious diseases caused by microorganisms in the gastrointestinal system:
Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the parotid glands — one of three pairs of saliva-producing (salivary) glands, situated below and in front of your ears. If you or your child contracts mumps, it can cause swelling in one or both parotid glands
Gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach. Unfortunately, the term "gastritis" has been misused to include many different upper abdominal problems, but true gastritis refers to the stomach lining (gastric mucosa) that is inflamed. All or part of the gastric mucosa may be involved. Gastritis may be classified as acute or chronic. Acute gastritis maybe characterized as erosive (damaged areas where mucosal cells are disrupted or missing) and nonerosive. Chronic gastritis is determined by histopathology (appearance of the gastric mucosa). This article will focus on true gastritis. Gastritis has many causes, but most causes result in similar symptoms. This has leads to some confusion and is the reason why many health care professionals now consider the term "gastritis" as a non-specific description of a cluster of symptoms.
A stomach ulcer is usually caused by an infection with a bacterium (germ) called H. pylori. A 4-8-week course of acid-suppressing medication will allow the ulcer to heal. In addition, a one-week course of two antibiotics plus an acid-suppressing drug will usually clear the H. pylori infection. This usually prevents the ulcer from recurring again. Anti-inflammatory drugs, used to treat conditions such as arthritis, sometimes cause stomach ulcers. If you need to continue with the anti-inflammatory drug, then you may need to take long-term acid-suppressing medication.
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma. After malaria and intestinal helminthiasis, schistosomiasis is the third most devastating tropical disease in the world, being a major source of morbidity and mortality for developing countries in Africa, South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia. (See Epidemiology and Prognosis.)
Acute diarrhea is defined as three or more stools per day of decreased form from the normal, lasting for less than 14 days. If the illness persists for more than 14 days, it is called persistent. If the duration of symptoms is longer than 1 month, it is considered chronic diarrhea. Most cases of acute diarrhea are self-limited, caused by infectious agents (e.g. viruses, bacteria, parasites), and do not require medication unless the patient is immunocompromised.
Food poisoning can affect one person or a group of people who all ate the same contaminated food. It is more common happens after eating at picnics, school cafeterias, large social functions, or restaurants. The germs may get into the food you eat (called contamination) in different ways:
Viruses cause most cases of hepatitis. The type of hepatitis is named for the virus that causes it; for example, hepatitis A, hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Drug or alcohol use can also cause hepatitis. In other cases, your body mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the liver. Some people who have hepatitis have no symptoms. Others may have
Sources:
Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the parotid glands — one of three pairs of saliva-producing (salivary) glands, situated below and in front of your ears. If you or your child contracts mumps, it can cause swelling in one or both parotid glands
Gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach. Unfortunately, the term "gastritis" has been misused to include many different upper abdominal problems, but true gastritis refers to the stomach lining (gastric mucosa) that is inflamed. All or part of the gastric mucosa may be involved. Gastritis may be classified as acute or chronic. Acute gastritis maybe characterized as erosive (damaged areas where mucosal cells are disrupted or missing) and nonerosive. Chronic gastritis is determined by histopathology (appearance of the gastric mucosa). This article will focus on true gastritis. Gastritis has many causes, but most causes result in similar symptoms. This has leads to some confusion and is the reason why many health care professionals now consider the term "gastritis" as a non-specific description of a cluster of symptoms.
A stomach ulcer is usually caused by an infection with a bacterium (germ) called H. pylori. A 4-8-week course of acid-suppressing medication will allow the ulcer to heal. In addition, a one-week course of two antibiotics plus an acid-suppressing drug will usually clear the H. pylori infection. This usually prevents the ulcer from recurring again. Anti-inflammatory drugs, used to treat conditions such as arthritis, sometimes cause stomach ulcers. If you need to continue with the anti-inflammatory drug, then you may need to take long-term acid-suppressing medication.
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma. After malaria and intestinal helminthiasis, schistosomiasis is the third most devastating tropical disease in the world, being a major source of morbidity and mortality for developing countries in Africa, South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia. (See Epidemiology and Prognosis.)
Acute diarrhea is defined as three or more stools per day of decreased form from the normal, lasting for less than 14 days. If the illness persists for more than 14 days, it is called persistent. If the duration of symptoms is longer than 1 month, it is considered chronic diarrhea. Most cases of acute diarrhea are self-limited, caused by infectious agents (e.g. viruses, bacteria, parasites), and do not require medication unless the patient is immunocompromised.
Food poisoning can affect one person or a group of people who all ate the same contaminated food. It is more common happens after eating at picnics, school cafeterias, large social functions, or restaurants. The germs may get into the food you eat (called contamination) in different ways:
- Meat or poultry can come into contact with bacteria from the intestines of an animal that is being processed.
- Water that is used during growing or shipping can contain animal or human waste.
- Food may be handled in an unsafe way during preparation in grocery stores, restaurants, or homes.
Viruses cause most cases of hepatitis. The type of hepatitis is named for the virus that causes it; for example, hepatitis A, hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Drug or alcohol use can also cause hepatitis. In other cases, your body mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the liver. Some people who have hepatitis have no symptoms. Others may have
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Dark-colored urine and pale bowel movements
- Stomach pain
- Jaundice, yellowing of skin and eyes
Sources:
- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Mumps_virions,_thin_sectioned_TEM_8757_lores.jpg
- http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mumps/basics/definition/con-20019914
- http://www.medicinenet.com/gastritis/article.htm#what_is_gastritis
- http://www.patient.co.uk/health/stomach-gastric-ulcer
- http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228392-overview
- http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/gastroenterology/acute-diarrhea/
- http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001652.htm
- http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hepatitis.html